The history of Chinese jade bi has spanned a period of more than four thousand years from Hangshan Culture to Qing Dynasty. Here are examples:

Hongshan Jade Bi, D. 12cm.Made of green tone jade, the object is identified as Hongshan bi based on the overall jade appearance and carving style. Antiquity evidences include differential weathering, dissolved pits and exposed crystal planes.
This is a plain bi without any motif on it. Both edges of outer ring and inner ring are round and smooth. According to ancient Chinese beliefs, bi is the symbol to pray to the heaven in order that good harvest will be given.

Liangzhu Culture, Jade Bi, D. 20cm. his Liangzhu Culture jade bi has carved with two God’s face as the sole motif. This Liangzhu bi is quite unique  in that is different from most of the plain bi carving. Calcification is the main evidence for its age.

Qijia culture Jade Bi, Carved with white jade from area of Qijia culture, this jade bi is seen rectangular flavored round shape with unidirectional hole. Similar item seen as the one Huang Liang Liang Tai,Wuwei City, Gansu Province..Antiquity evidences include additive crystal, diffusive marking and differential weathering.

Shang Dynasty Jade Bi, D. 10cms, T.1cm, 453gramsCarved with yellow tone jade, the object is a typical bi with symmetric motif on both sides. On each side, there are two abstract design of tigers arranging in opposite direction. The carving style is the typical convex line forming from two incised lines of the Shang Dynasty. Antiquity evidences include additive crystals, diffusive marking and differential weathering.

Western Zhou, Jade Bi Pair, D. 14cm, T.0.5cmCarved with green tone top quality jade, this jade bi is seen two opposite position dragons on both sides. The carving style is unique to the Western Zhou big slant 45 degree incised lines. Similar item is the Palace Museum collection, D.16.1cm, T. 0.4cm bi. Antiquity evidences include differential weathering and diffusive marking.

Spring Autumn, Jade Bi-disk, D. 32.8cm, T. 0.6cm. 

 The  bi-disk has a dual motif for both sides. On each side there are two layers of motifs separated by a rope motif. The inner layer is crop motif. The outer layer consists of four sets of spirit’s face. The spirit’s face is composed from two dragon heads which in turn composed from phoenix. The carving technique of the artifact applies the typical Western Zhou Dynasty 45 degree slant carving and slim incised lines for the Spring Autumn period to the greatest extent. The spirit should be touched by offering this bi-disk. Judging by the mastery carving and superior and unique design, this is believed to be the bi disk closest to the legendary Ho’s bi before fully identified. Antiquity evidences consist of differential weathering, diffusive marking and ancient tool mark.