東漢青玉孫子兵法用間篇(後半部)銘文狩獵圖出廓榖紋玉璧,Eastern Han Dynasty Jade bi with Scripts of Employing Spies, Art of War by Sun Tzu(part 2), H.55,5cm, T. 0.7cm

WeChat 圖片_20180725225722本器和田青玉雙面雕琢,形制為鏤空出廓玉璧。出廓部分施榖紋璧鏤空龍紋。玉璧外區飾狩獵紋, 內區飾榖紋, 中央施鏤空鳳紋; 另一面雕琢孫子兵法用間篇後段『仁義不能使間,非微妙不能得間之實。微哉!微哉!無所不用間也。間事未發,而先聞者,間與所告者皆死。凡軍之所欲擊,城之所欲攻,人之所欲殺,必先知其守將、左右、謁者、門者、舍人之姓名,令吾間必索知之。必索敵人之間來間我者,因而利之,導而舍之,故反間可得而用也。因是而知之,故鄉間、內間可得而使也;因是而知之,故死間為誑事可使告敵;因是而知之,故生間可使如期。五間之事,君必知之,知之必在于反間』篆體銘文。本器多處紋飾邊緣存在以管鑽進行游絲毛雕為之的痕跡。本器紋飾神秘華麗, 刀工精美, 佐以孫子兵法銘文, 歷史文化價值鉅大, 本器古玉跡象有擴散暈沁色,冰裂紋及差異風化等。(台灣頤和園博物館藏品, 陳明杰鑑賞並撰文)

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Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district. Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy. Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy’s spies and using them for our own purposes. Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy. Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy’s camp.
Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved? Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness. Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.
Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business. If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.
Whether the object is to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.
The enemy’s spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.
It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy. Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.
The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.
Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin. Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. Spies are a most important element in water because on them depends an army’s ability to move. ( Peace Garden Museum Taiwan Collection, Scripts by Prof. Chen)

<易經>一陰一陽之謂道. <The Text of Yi King><The successive movement of the Yin and Yang (or inactive and active operations) constitutes what is called the course (of things).