中國歷史上第一個皇后之印–秦代皇后之印, 高7.5cm, 長6cm, 寬3.2cm,165grams

Webp.net-gifmaker (11)品名:秦辟邪玉跪人紋橢圓座陽刻篆文皇后之印, 高7.5cm, 長6cm, 寬3.2cm,165grams

說明:本器青白玉(經折光儀測定折光率1.61證明材質為天然軟玉)雕琢, 印鈕為辟邪獸(張口露齒符合秦代辟邪獸造型), 體形雄偉, 象徵皇帝至尊, 背上半跪伏者嬌小之象徵皇后之高髻玉女, 楚楚憐人(半跪姿及高髻髮型符合秦代特色)。印座呈橢圓形, 印文為陽刻秦代小篆,完全符合秦朝(公元前221年—公元前207年)風格。 古玉之跡象如石灰沁, 冰裂紋,擴散暈沁色一一具備。本器刀工細膩工整, 線條流暢, 此皇后之印是中國歷史上第一個皇后之印, 堪稱國寶中的國寶。秦始皇帝的母親為帝太后。從見於文字的狀況看,秦人在秦孝公以後,對立王后、立嗣,已十分重視了。立後(皇后)、立嗣的制度在這一時期已經確立了。”“秦國在發展壯大過程中,各種國家制度已臻完善,秦統一中國後更全面建立了各種制度,並定出了皇帝的正妻為皇后、母親為皇太后的制度。《漢書•百官公卿表上》說:“詹事,秦官,掌皇后、太子家,有丞。屬官有太子率更、家令丞,僕、中盾、衛率、廚廄長丞,又中長秋、私府、永巷、倉、廄、祠祀、食官令長丞。諸宦官皆屬焉。 秦時設置的“詹aaaaa (1)事”之官既然有“掌皇后太子家”的職能,說明秦代是有“皇后”的。“詹事”的這一系列屬官,顏師古在“諸宦官皆屬焉”句後有註:“自此以上,皆皇后之官。”我們在出土的秦封泥中明確可以看到“私府丞印”(837~838)、“永巷”(563~565)、“永巷丞印”(566~574), 說文解字所列秦代小篆為”自”部首, 而且赤峰出土之瓦量(殘)二六年皇帝盡諸侯黔首大安詔丞相狀中之皇就是自部首之秦小篆皇字. 清代亦使用之.本印之”自”部首皇合乎秦小篆皇字,後世以白為部首之皇字,可能並非秦小篆,而是隸書.

立後(皇后)、立嗣的制度不等同於冊封皇后,有皇后制度就會有皇后之印,祇是此皇后之印並未為特定皇后所有。因此,秦始皇未冊封皇后不等於秦朝沒有皇后之印。

 

Seal of Empress of the Chin Dynasty (B.C.221-B.C.206), Measurement: H.7.5cms, W.6cms.Depth 3.2cm, 165grams

Webp.net-gifmaker (12)The seal is composed of three parts: The imposing pixie symbolizing the emperor, the lady kneeling on the back of the pixie, symbolizing the empress, the oval stand for the scripts of the seal. The style of the scripts on this seal conforms to those of the Chin dynasty. Bronze seals ( around 2.2cm x 2.2cm) from the Palace Museum of Beijing‘s collection. Especially the last stroke of the seal character of this seal confirms the typical lining of the Chin calligraphy( petite sigillaire 小篆 ) style, in particular, the character of 皇, conforms to those found unearthed artifacts. The artifact consists of aging elements such as diffusive markingsdeteriorate markingscleaving veins, and differential weathering to prove its antiquity. Based on the carving and character styles of the jade seal and its antiquity of evidence, this jade seal is authenticated as a genuine Seal of the Express from the Chin Dynasty.

Webp.net-gifmaker (14)《説文解字》:皇,大也。从自。自,始也。始皇者,三皇,大

史記始皇本紀:「二十八年,丞相隗林、丞相王綰等,議於海上。」諸本皆作山林之「林。」。開皇二年五月,長安民掘得秦時鐵稱權,旁有銅塗鐫銘二所。其一所曰:「廿六年,皇帝盡并兼天下諸侯,黔首大安,立號為皇帝,乃詔丞相狀、綰,法度量則不壹嫌疑者,皆明壹之。」凡四十字。其一所曰:「元年,制詔丞相斯、去疾,法度量,盡始皇帝為之,皆有刻辭焉。今襲號而刻辭不稱始皇帝,其於久遠也,如後嗣為之者,不稱成功盛德,刻此詔□左,使毋疑。」凡五十八字,一字磨滅,見有五十七字,了了分明。其書兼為古隸。余被敕寫讀之,與內史令李德林對,見此稱權,今在官庫;其「丞相狀」字,乃為狀貌之「狀」,爿旁作犬;則知俗作「隗林」,非也,當為「隗狀」耳。

In the 26th year under First Emperor Qin’s reign, The Emperor has unified the land under heaven, brought peace to the kingdom, and become the Crown of China. Now His Majesty instructs Prime Minister and his office to issue a standard measurement code for everybody to follow.